The Open Source Vehicle - Lite

Goal


To facilitate the communal design of an affordable, buildable, maintainable, flexible, non-polluting individual transport vehicle that is either self fueled (manpowered) or be fueled by a source and quantity of that fuel that is sustainable on our finite planet. This is not in competition with other open source vehicle projects such as   oscar or osgv but rather is a more grass roots approach than most. I fully support other open initiatives and in general the many worthwhile alternate projects out there. It aims to be a fun project with humble beginnings enabling production a very simple vehicle in its first iteration.

Background - Ideology


Over the last hundred or so years we have been building a transport infrastructure that is dependent on the abundant supply of cheap fossil fuel. It is now becoming increasingly evident that this system has some fundamental problems. Peak-oil and global warming are the two big issues of the day. Eventually oil industry infrastructure and development will be largely discarded as supplies of crude oil become harder and more costly to obtain. The internal combustion engine will become as the steam engine is to this generation. The prevailing view by the community at large is that a combination of oil company, automotive industry, and government efforts along with the usual market forces will lead us to a cleaner, sustainable, and environmentally friendly solution, and that this will be devised to enable us to travel in a manner that we have become accustomed. However, the whole reason that fossil fuels have been so successful is their relative ease of aquisition, their high energy density and also their ease of storage and transport. We have also had a long development period of the automobile and associated machinery. The automotive industry (and in fact anyone else) will struggle to come up with something better in terms of ease of use, speed, comfort, and mileage per tank in comparison with what we have now. The best that can really be hoped for is an increase in efficiency of vehicles. Increasing efficiency only delays the inevitable. The demand for oil will one day exceed the economical capacity to produce it. Before then however we may well have problems with supply, putting those with a western lifestyle in quite a predicament.

So what do I envisiage? Well, firstly I decided that an electric car would be the ideal replacement for the petrol driven car.
Jedlik's_electric-car.PNG
                    Jedlik's Electric car - 1828

Initially I was keen on the idea of Hydrogen power. Combine hydrogen and oxygen in a
fuel cell and you get electricity (power) and water. Sounds good, right? There are however significant obstacles on the Hydrogen route. Hydrogen storage, getting 'green' hydrogen in the first place to name but two. Ultimately I see hydrogen as being an ideal candidate as a portable fuel source. However as yet, we are nowhere near the point where it is viable altenative. What about battery powered vehicles? We have the Tesla Roadster as an example of how good a battery powered electric car can be. However the Tesla is not attainable by the masses (high cost) and also there is currently no large 'green' source of energy with which to supply these cars. One of the problems that we have with our existing technology and indeed, the same problem is evident with the Tesla, is that most of the energy that is used by the motor is used to overcome the mass of the vehicle itself. The weight of the passenger (often single) is inconsequential in relation to the vehicle weight. No amount of efficiency increases in either the internal combustion engine or the electric car are going to actually reduce our energy consumption as much as if were to reduce the weight of vehicles significantly. The increase in efficiency is crucial if we are looking for a sustainable system. In a hundred years time perhaps a large portion of this continent (Australia) will be harvesting solar energy and providing an abundance of cheap power, however if we have any lesson to learn from from our current predicament then it is that to build a system that is not sustainable NOW is fraught with danger. So, what about the other end of the weight scale? - the bicycle. Human powered - sustainable, non-polluting, efficient, maintainable. But the humble bicycle falls well short in the areas of comfort and speed in comparison to the modern car. So my next thought was - what about an electric bicycle - this addresses (to me) the single biggest problem with the bicycle namely that the motor is underpowered ;) especially noticeable when going up hills. It seems to the poor rider that 90% of his time is taken up fighting hills and headwinds. A simple addition of an electric motor and a battery can help with this. A single solar photovoltaic cell would be sufficient to recharge the batteries and should provide a sustainable source of power for battery recharge. But having been on some longish bike rides, I have come to the conclusion that bicycles are still far too uncomfortable. Discomfort is largely due to riding position. Uncomfortable seats, too much weight on wrists, no upper body support all lead to tiredness and dissatisfaction. One design called a recumbent addresses some of these issues. I have decided at a recumbent cycle such as the Gizmo or KMX a more suitable starting point for the evolution of an electric vehicle project.

Below is an example of what we are looking at as a starting point. This is a modified KMX recumbent. Note the small electric motor near the pedals.



Other similar pictures
As of Dec 2009 I have my own prototype/test/demo up and running - See "The Trike"

Why not develop a full blown electric car like the Tesla, or similar? As alluded to above I see some difficulties in going straight to an end product such as the Tesla that meets all the objectives. An evolutionary path seems logical. I have witnessed the power of the open source model in the development of the Linux operating system. If you are unfamiliar with the story.. Linux started with one person (
Linus Torvalds ) who wanted his own Unix like operating system, and so decided to write his own. The clever thing Linus did was to not keep it to himself but asked others to use and collaborate in its development. Today we see computers all around the world from the most powerful to tiny embedded devices running Linux. This process is what I would like to see with this project.. for at least the plans, drawings, technical data etc needed for actual production.

Initially, most components will be 'off the shelf' but hopefully comply with whatever relevant formal or non-formal standards that exist. If no standard exists then we will need to specify one. The eventual goal is to fully specify all components such as electric motors etc in sufficient detail that they can be manufactured by a 'local' manufacturer. The idea here is that geographically close groups, can arrange their own manufacture. Local manufacture is an important aspect of a sustainable system.

The 'off the shelf components' will be have specifications and data available (links to Manufactures websites sufficient)


Tools


CAD software - ideally we want to use an open CAD format - I only know of dxf file format. I would like to use a format such as Brunos but we need applications that support the file format also. QCAD is available for Linux (which I use) and uses dxf as native file format. Most CAD applications support dxf.

Specifications

2nd Draft
General:
  • 3 Wheeler, "tadpole"
  • Two front wheels 20inch, single rear 20,24, or 26 inch
  • Accept wider than standard rear wheel

  • Frame:
  • Chrome moly tubing
  • (see frame materials)
  • Possibly foldable
  • Location of battery to be low and central
  • Location of motor - close to rear wheel. Allow for different ypes of motor
  • Seat, adjustable - quickly removable. Must be comfortable and light
  • Adjustable for people of diffent heights (range?)
  • Easy to fabricate
  • Minimal materials and weight

  • Brakes:
  • Front discs, single lever on right hand side for both, balanced
  • Rear - Any type

  • Carrying capacity:
  • 1 adult approx 80-90Kg plus trailer.

  • Max weight of vehicle:
  • less than 40 Kg

  • Range:
  • min 100 km on a charge

  • Cruising speed:
  • min 25kph

  • Size:
  • As small as practicable

  • Batteries:
  • Lithium Iron Phosphate
  • Ah capacity >= 20Ah
  • Voltage 48V
  • Portable 240/220/110V charger

  • Geartrain:
  • Pedals at front - gears min 4, derailleur or hub - chain drive to rear

  • Accessories:
  • Addition of solar panel possible by either attaching trailer or as 'roof'
  • Lighting fittable
  • Computer/Monitoring

  • Motor:
  • 48V brushless DC
  • Cyclone USA   Various Hub motors  Elation Australia
  • Cooling - should not be required, but consideration given to passive cooling techniques such as fins, directed airflow. Provision for a fan if needed.

  • Controller:
  • Electronic, hand throttle, passive cooling

  • Suspension:
  • None initially; minimal but effective suspension being a later design goal.

  • Steering:
  • Simple, Direct and effective. Manual

  • Bodywork:
  • None initilally, mudguards must be able to be fitted. Addition of alternate body configurations a later design goal

  • Testing , Review, Modification


    As with open source software, the need for backward compatibility is somewhat reduced if each stage is well documented. This frees the development process to take an unencumbered  path. It proposed that the evolution/branching into alternate projects be free to progress at a rate dictated by the interest shown. User feedback and participation is a key part in this process.

    File Repository


    Initially available as zip file. If sufficient interest a GIT (or other  suitable) version control system will be implemented, allowing for multiple development trees.

    Participation/Licensing


    Open to all to contribute or use in accordance with Creative Commons license